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Free Readability Checker

Score your writing with the six standard readability formulas at once: Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Gunning Fog, SMOG, Coleman-Liau and ARI. See the grade level of your abstract, paper or lay summary live while you edit, and download a PDF report to share with co-authors.

Average grade level
Mean of the five grade formulas below
Flesch Reading Ease
0 = hardest, 100 = easiest
Flesch-Kincaid
Grade level
Gunning Fog
Grade level
SMOG
Grade level
Coleman-Liau
Grade level
ARI
Grade level
Words: 0Sentences: 0Avg. words/sentence: 0Avg. syllables/word: 0Complex words (3+ syllables): 0%
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Trusted by researchers publishing in

ElsevierSpringer NatureWileyCambridge University PressOxford University PressTaylor & FrancisSAGE PublishingIEEEMDPI

How to check readability in three steps

01

Paste your text

An abstract, an introduction, a lay summary or a full chapter. All six scores compute instantly.

02

Read the consensus

The average grade level is your headline number; the individual formulas show how sentence length and word length each contribute.

03

Revise, then export

Watch the scores move as you edit, and download the PDF report when the text lands in your target band.

A readability checker built for research writing

Six formulas, one view

Flesch, Flesch-Kincaid, Fog, SMOG, Coleman-Liau and ARI side by side, so one quirky formula never misleads a revision.

Research-calibrated targets

Interpretation bands for papers (14-16+), lay summaries (8-12) and participant documents (6-8), not generic blog-writing advice.

PDF report included

Export every score, the reference bands and your text as a dated report, generated by ProofreaderPro AI, ready for co-authors.

Diagnostics, not just scores

Average sentence length, syllables per word and complex-word share show exactly which lever to pull.

Why readability matters in academic publishing

Readability formulas estimate how much education a reader needs to follow a text on first reading. They cannot judge logic or evidence, but they are remarkably good at flagging the two habits that make academic prose exhausting: very long sentences and unbroken runs of long words. Analyses of published research put typical journal articles around grade 14 to 16 and medical abstracts near 18, and large-scale studies show scientific writing has been getting steadily harder to read for decades. Editors, funders and ethics boards now push in the opposite direction.

The practical stakes are concrete. Reviewers skim before they read, and an abstract they can absorb in one pass frames the whole review. Interdisciplinary readers, ESL colleagues and journalists decide from the same abstract whether your work travels beyond your subfield. And the documents around the paper are formally gated: consent forms at grade 6 to 8, lay summaries in plain language, press releases readable by anyone. One manuscript routinely needs three different readability bands, which is why this checker reports them all. For sentence-level techniques, see our guide on writing a research abstract that gets read.

The six readability formulas, explained for researchers

Each formula was built for a different audience, which is exactly why checking all six beats trusting any one of them.

Flesch Reading Ease

1948

The oldest and most widely reported score. Combines average sentence length with syllables per word on a 0-100 scale where higher means easier. Published research typically scores below 30; an abstract reaching 30-50 stands out for clarity.

Used by: Editors, publishers, plain-language laws, Microsoft Word
Papers: 20-40 · Lay summaries: 50+

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

1975

The US Navy's reformulation of Flesch that reports a school grade, which made it the default benchmark in readability research. Journal analyses place medical abstracts near grade 18, economics abstracts near 10, and discussion sections around 16.

Used by: Readability studies, universities, government agencies
Papers: 14-16 · Above 18: revise

Gunning Fog Index

1952

Pairs sentence length with the share of words of three or more syllables, making it the most jargon-sensitive formula. If Fog sits well above your Flesch-Kincaid grade, dense vocabulary rather than sentence length is the problem.

Used by: Journalism, business writing, corporate editing
Papers: 14-18 · Business: 8-12

SMOG Index

1969

Counts polysyllabic words across 30 sentences and predicts full comprehension rather than partial understanding. The standard in healthcare: consent forms and patient information sheets are typically required at grade 6-8, measured with SMOG.

Used by: Health communication, ethics boards, patient education
Consent forms: 6-8 · Papers: 14-17

Coleman-Liau Index

1975

Uses characters per word instead of syllables so machines can score text reliably. It answers the same question as Flesch-Kincaid through a different lens: when the two agree, trust the number; when they diverge, your words are unusually long or short for the sentence structure.

Used by: Automated assessment, education technology
Papers: 14-16

Automated Readability Index

1967

Built for military technical manuals from characters per word and words per sentence. Because it was designed for procedural writing, it responds strongly to long sentences, making it a good early warning for methods sections that chain steps into 50-word constructions.

Used by: Technical writing, documentation teams
Papers: 14-16 · Manuals: 8-10

Which grade level should you aim for?

Match the score to the document, not the other way around. The same project usually needs all three of the first bands.

Grade 681317+
Grade 6-8
General public, patients, study participants. Consent forms, participant information sheets, surveys.
Ethics boards commonly require this band
Grade 8-12
Educated non-specialists. Lay abstracts, plain-language summaries, press releases, blogs.
Funders increasingly expect this band
Grade 13-16
Researchers and graduate readers. Journal articles, theses, grant narratives, review responses.
The healthy band for expert prose
Grade 17+
Nobody reads this comfortably. Overloaded sentences, stacked nominalisations.
A signal to revise, not a badge of rigor

The same finding, eighteen grades apart

Both passages are scored live by this tool. Nothing was simplified except the sentences.

BeforeAvg. grade 32 · Reading ease 0

"The implementation of the proposed methodological framework necessitates a comprehensive consideration of the multifaceted institutional factors that have the potential to significantly influence the successful operationalization of community-based interventions across heterogeneous demographic contexts."

One 33-word sentence, five nominalisations, fourteen complex words.

AfterAvg. grade 14 · Reading ease 28

"Implementing the framework requires attention to local institutions. Their influence on community programs is large, and it differs across demographic settings. Any rollout plan should account for these differences."

Three sentences, verbs instead of nominalisations, every claim intact.

Who uses the readability checker

Researchers and PhD students

Check abstracts, introductions and response letters before submission, and keep discussion sections out of grade-20 territory.

Health and clinical researchers

Score patient information sheets and consent forms against the grade 6-8 expectations of ethics boards, using SMOG.

Grant writers

Bring lay summaries and project descriptions into the plain-language range funders increasingly require.

Students and ESL writers

See how sentence structure drives difficulty, and learn to write clearly without simplifying the ideas.

Readability checker FAQs

What is a good readability score for a research paper?
For text written for expert readers, a grade level of 14 to 16 is typical and appropriate: dense enough to be precise, clear enough to be read quickly. Published analyses of journal articles find medical abstracts averaging around grade 18 and discussion sections around 16, which is why editors increasingly push authors to simplify. Treat scores above 18 as a signal to shorten sentences, not as proof of sophistication.
Why does my Flesch Reading Ease score show 0?
The raw Flesch formula is unbounded, and very dense academic prose (long sentences full of polysyllabic terms) can push it below zero. Scores under 0 stop being meaningful, so this checker floors the scale at 0. If you are seeing 0, your text is beyond 'very difficult': splitting the longest sentences will bring the score back onto the scale quickly.
Do journals or institutions require readability scores?
Manuscripts themselves are rarely score-gated, but the documents around them often are. Ethics boards commonly require participant consent forms at a grade 6 to 8 level, funders such as the NIH expect plain-language project summaries, and a growing number of journals ask for lay abstracts. SMOG is the standard formula in health settings.
How do I lower my grade level without dumbing the science down?
Grade formulas react to sentence length and word length, not to intellectual content. Split 40-word sentences, prefer verbs to nominalisations (analysed rather than conducted an analysis of), and cut stacked prepositional phrases. Keep every technical term your field requires: one necessary polysyllable in a 15-word sentence scores far better than the same term buried in a 45-word one.

Scoring grade 19? Let the editor tighten it.

ProofreaderPro shortens overloaded sentences and trims padding with tracked changes, so your paper reads at the level your reviewers expect without losing a single claim.

Improve my readability free
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From our blog:How to Write a Research Abstract That Gets Your Paper ReadHow to Write a Research Abstract with AI AssistanceHow to Make AI Writing Sound Human: 9 Techniques

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